HOA Fine Limits by State: Verified Statute Citations
Maximum fines, notice periods, and hearing rights — every entry verified against the live statute text on the state legislature's official website.
Last verification batch: April 29, 2026 · all 50 states verified · how we verify
Find your state below to see the maximum fine your HOA can legally impose, the notice your HOA must give you, and whether a hearing is required before fines take effect. Each citation links directly to the official state statute.
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Verified HOA Fine Limits Comparison Table
All 50 states verified from primary sources. Every row below links directly to the official state legislature page hosting the statute. We re-verify each state on a rolling basis and bump the row's Verified date when the underlying statute changes.
Last verification batch: April 29, 2026
| State | Statutory Cap | Notice Required | Hearing | Statute | Verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | $100 per violation (lesser of CC&R schedule or $100) | 10 days before board meeting | Yes | Civil Code §5850(c), §5855(a) | 2026-04-29 |
| Colorado | $500 per violation (non-health/safety) | Two 30-day cure periods (certified mail) | Recommended | C.R.S. §38-33.3-209.5; HB24-1337 | 2026-04-29 |
| Florida | $100 per violation; $1,000 aggregate cap | 14 days written notice of right to hearing | Yes | Fla. Stat. §720.305(2) | 2026-04-29 |
| Nevada | $100 per violation, $1,000 aggregate (lesser of) | Not less than 30 days written notice | Yes | NRS 116.31031(1)(b), (4)(a), (6) | 2026-04-29 |
| Virginia | $50 single offense; $10/day continuing (max 90 days) | 14 days before hearing | Yes | Va. Code §55.1-1819 | 2026-04-29 |
| North Carolina | $100 per violation; $100/day continuing (after 5-day grace) | Required (no minimum days specified) | Yes | N.C.G.S. §47F-3-107.1 | 2026-04-29 |
| Arizona | No statutory cap (governed by CC&Rs) | 21 calendar days for member to respond | Yes (state-level path) | A.R.S. §33-1803 | 2026-04-29 |
| Texas | No statutory cap (governed by CC&Rs) | Certified mail; 30 days to request hearing | Yes (on owner request) | Tex. Prop. Code §209.006 | 2026-04-29 |
| Maryland | No statutory cap (CC&Rs must be reasonable) | 15 days to abate; 10 days to request hearing | Yes (on owner request) | MD Code, Real Property §11B-111.10 | 2026-04-29 |
| Hawaii | No statutory cap identified in Ch. 421J (CC&R-driven) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | HRS Ch. 421J (mediation: §421J-13) | 2026-04-29 |
| Illinois | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count) | Yes | 765 ILCS 160/1-30(g) | 2026-04-29 |
| Washington | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count) | Yes | RCW 64.38.020(11) | 2026-04-29 |
| Oregon | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Written notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count) | Yes | ORS 94.630(1)(n) | 2026-04-29 |
| Pennsylvania | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count) | Yes | 68 Pa.C.S. §5302(a)(11)(i) | 2026-04-29 |
| Georgia | No statutory cap; fines authorized only if declaration permits | 10 days for injunctive relief (separate from fine notice) | Recommended | O.C.G.A. §44-3-223 (HB 220, eff. 2024-07-01) | 2026-04-29 |
| South Carolina | No statutory cap or fine procedure in Title 27, Ch. 30 | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | S.C. Code Title 27, Ch. 30 (no fine-procedure section) | 2026-04-29 |
| Ohio | No statutory cap (per declaration) | Written notice; 10 days to request hearing | Yes (on owner request) | ORC §5312.11(C), (D) | 2026-04-29 |
| Massachusetts | No HOA-specific statute; condos governed by Ch. 183A | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA statute (M.G.L. ch. 180 nonprofit law applies to incorporated HOAs) | 2026-04-29 |
| Tennessee | No statutory cap or fine procedure for non-condo HOAs | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (T.C.A. Title 48 Ch. 51-68 nonprofit law applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| New Jersey | No statutory cap (CC&R-driven) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents; ADR available | N.J.S.A. 45:22A-21 et seq. (PREDFDA) | 2026-04-29 |
| Minnesota | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Written notice (no day count); content requirements per §515B.3-102(c) | Yes | Minn. Stat. §515B.3-102(a)(11), (c) | 2026-04-29 |
| Utah | No statutory cap (set by governing documents) | Written warning ≥ 48 hours before fine for continuing violations | Yes (informal hearing on owner request within 30 days) | Utah Code §57-8a-208 | 2026-04-29 |
| Connecticut | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count) | Yes | Conn. Gen. Stat. §47-244(a)(11); §47-278 | 2026-04-29 |
| Indiana | No statutory cap | Notice of claim with required elements; 10 business days for HOA to respond | Yes (grievance resolution meeting) | IC 32-25.5-5 (esp. §§5-8, 5-10, 5-11) | 2026-04-29 |
| New Mexico | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | 14 days prior to hearing | Yes (or written statement permitted) | NMSA §47-16-18 | 2026-04-29 |
| Michigan | No HOA-specific statute (MCL §559 governs condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (MCL §450 nonprofit law applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| New York | No HOA-specific statute (RPL §339 governs condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (N-PCL applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Kentucky | No HOA-specific statute (KRS 381.805–910 governs pre-2011 condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (KRS Ch. 273 nonprofit law applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Missouri | No HOA-specific statute (Ch. 448 governs condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Ch. 355 nonprofit law applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| New Hampshire | No HOA-specific statute (RSA 356-B governs condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (RSA 292 nonprofit law applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Alabama | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + opportunity to be heard with right to counsel | Yes | Ala. Code §35-20-11(a)(2) | 2026-04-29 |
| Louisiana | No statutory cap (under new Planned Community Act) | Written notice required before enforcement (§9:1141.38) | Set by governing documents | La. R.S. 9:1141.1 et seq. (Planned Community Act, Act 2024 No. 158) | 2026-04-29 |
| Vermont | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + hearing required (no day count) | Yes | 27A V.S.A. §3-102(a)(11) | 2026-04-29 |
| Delaware | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Hand delivery, US mail, or electronic means; 10-day cure period | Yes | Del. Code Title 25 §81-302(a)(11) (DUCIOA) | 2026-04-29 |
| West Virginia | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count) | Yes | W. Va. Code §36B-3-102(a)(11) (Common Interest Ownership Act) | 2026-04-29 |
| Oklahoma | No statutory cap (CC&R-driven) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | 60 Okl. St. §§851-858 (Real Estate Development Act) | 2026-04-29 |
| Maine | No HOA-specific statute (Title 33 governs condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (33 MRSA Ch. 31 covers condos) | 2026-04-29 |
| Iowa | No HOA-specific statute (Ch. 499A is for cooperatives, 499B for condos) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Iowa Nonprofit Corporation Act applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Wisconsin | No HOA-specific statute (Wis. Stat. Ch. 703 covers condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Wis. Stat. Ch. 181 applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Kansas | No statutory cap (Bill of Rights Act framework) | Notice + opportunity to be heard (per UCIOA framework) | Yes | K.S.A. §§58-4601 through 58-4623 (KUCIOBORA) | 2026-04-29 |
| Alaska | No statutory cap (must be "reasonable") | Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count) | Yes | AS 34.08.320(11) | 2026-04-29 |
| Idaho | No statutory cap (set by governing documents) | 30 days written notice (personal service or certified mail) before vote | Yes (vote at meeting after 30-day notice) | Idaho Code Title 55, Ch. 32 (Homeowners Association Act) | 2026-04-29 |
| South Dakota | No HOA-specific cap (governing documents control) | Set by governing documents (no state-law minimum) | Set by governing documents (no state-law requirement) | SDCL §43-15A (Condominium Act, condominiums only); SDCL §§47-22 to §47-28 (Nonprofit Corporation Act, if incorporated) | 2026-05-30 |
| Arkansas | No HOA-specific statute (Title 18 Ch. 13 Horizontal Property Act covers condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Ark. Code §§4-33-101 et seq. nonprofit law applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Mississippi | No HOA-specific statute (§89-9-1 Condominium Law covers condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Miss. Code §79-11-101 nonprofit law applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Montana | No HOA-specific statute (MCA §70-23 Unit Ownership Act covers condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (MCA §70-17-901 use-restriction protection applies) | 2026-04-29 |
| Nebraska | No HOA-specific statute (§52-2001 lien statute only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Neb. Rev. Stat. §52-2001 covers liens only) | 2026-04-29 |
| North Dakota | No HOA-specific statute (NDCC Ch. 47-04.1 Condominium Act covers condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (NDCC Ch. 47-04.1 condos) | 2026-04-29 |
| Rhode Island | No HOA-specific statute (§34-36.1 Condominium Law $100/day cap applies to condos only) | Set by governing documents (condo: notice + opportunity for hearing under §34-36.1-3.20) | Set by governing documents (condo: required under §34-36.1-3.20) | No comprehensive non-condo HOA statute (R.I. Gen. Laws §34-36.1-3.20 covers condos only) | 2026-04-29 |
| Wyoming | No HOA-specific statute (§§34-20-101 et seq. Condominium Ownership Act covers condos only) | Set by governing documents | Set by governing documents | No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Wyo. Stat. §§34-20-101 to 34-20-203 condos) | 2026-04-29 |
Key Takeaways From the Verified Data
- Six of the fifty states impose statutory dollar caps on HOA fines for non-health/safety violations: California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada, North Carolina, and Virginia. 27 states have HOA-specific statutes that require “reasonable” fines and procedural protections but do not set a dollar cap (AK, AL, AZ, CT, DE, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, MD, MN, NJ, NM, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, WA, WV). 17 states (AR, IA, KY, MA, ME, MI, MO, MS, MT, NE, NH, NY, ND, RI, TN, WI, WY) have no comprehensive HOA-specific statute at all — non-condo HOAs there operate under general nonprofit-corporation law and recorded covenants only.
- Health-and-safety violations are typically excluded from caps. California, Colorado, and Nevada explicitly allow higher fines (or no cap) when the violation poses a health or safety threat — and California requires a written board finding to invoke the exception.
- Notice periods range from 10 to 60 days across the verified states. Colorado is the strictest: two consecutive 30-day cure notices by certified mail before legal enforcement.
- A hearing is mandatory before fining in California, Florida, Illinois, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington (Colorado permits one but does not require it). Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, and Texas provide a hearing on owner request. Arizona offers a state-level administrative hearing path through the Department of Real Estate. Georgia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, South Carolina, and Tennessee defer entirely to the governing documents.
- California (since June 30, 2025) bans late fees and interest on unpaid HOA fines under Civil Code §5850(e). Colorado (HB24-1337) caps attorney fees in covenant-enforcement actions.
- Hawaii bars non-judicial foreclosure of liens arising solely from fines — a unique homeowner protection that does not exist in most states.
State-by-State Detail (Verified Entries)
Each section below summarizes the verified statutory text in plain language. The citation in each heading links directly to the official state legislature page that hosts the statute.
California — Civil Code §5850(c), §5855(a)
- Statutory cap:
- $100 per violation (lesser of CC&R schedule or $100)
- Notice required:
- 10 days before board meeting
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Greater than $100 allowed for violations with adverse health/safety impact, with written board finding
AB 130 (Stats. 2025, Ch. 22), effective June 30, 2025, capped most HOA fines at $100 per violation under Civil Code §5850(c). The same amendment bans late fees and interest on unpaid monetary penalties (§5850(e)) and requires at least 10 days written notice before the board meeting at which a fine may be imposed (§5855(a)). Fines greater than $100 are permitted only where the violation has an adverse health or safety impact on the common area or another member’s property, and the board makes a written finding to that effect (§5850(d)(1)).
Verified on 2026-04-29 against leginfo.legislature.ca.gov.
Colorado — C.R.S. §38-33.3-209.5; HB24-1337
- Statutory cap:
- $500 per violation (non-health/safety)
- Notice required:
- Two 30-day cure periods (certified mail)
- Hearing:
- Recommended
- Cap exception:
- Cap does not apply to violations threatening public health or safety
Colorado caps HOA fines at $500 per violation for any violation that does not threaten public health or safety, under C.R.S. §38-33.3-209.5 (originally enacted by HB22-1137 and refined by subsequent legislation). HB24-1337, effective August 7, 2024, layered in additional procedural requirements: associations must send a first 30-day cure notice by certified mail, and if the violation continues, a second 30-day cure notice by certified mail before pursuing legal enforcement. HB24-1337 also caps attorney fees in covenant-enforcement actions at the lesser of 50% of the underlying debt or $5,000 (with a willful-violation exception).
Verified on 2026-04-29 against leg.colorado.gov.
Florida — Fla. Stat. §720.305(2)
- Statutory cap:
- $100 per violation; $1,000 aggregate cap
- Notice required:
- 14 days written notice of right to hearing
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Aggregate cap may be increased by governing documents
Florida Statutes §720.305(2) caps HOA fines at $100 per violation, with a $1,000 aggregate cap unless the governing documents provide otherwise. Each day of a continuing violation may be treated as a separate violation. Before any fine takes effect, the board must provide at least 14 days written notice of the parcel owner’s right to a hearing, and the hearing must be held within 90 days before a committee of at least three members appointed by the board who are not officers, directors, or employees. Most recently amended by 2024 Fla. Laws ch. 2024-2 §58 and ch. 2024-221 §7.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.leg.state.fl.us.
Nevada — NRS 116.31031(1)(b), (4)(a), (6)
- Statutory cap:
- $100 per violation, $1,000 aggregate (lesser of)
- Notice required:
- Not less than 30 days written notice
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- No cap for violations posing imminent threat to health, safety, or welfare
Nevada Revised Statutes 116.31031(1)(b)(2) caps HOA fines at $100 per violation or $1,000 in the aggregate, whichever is less. The cap does not apply to violations that pose an imminent threat of substantial adverse effect on the health, safety, or welfare of the community, in which case the fine must be commensurate with the severity of the violation as determined by the board. Under §116.31031(4)(a), the unit owner must receive written notice of the alleged violation not less than 30 days before the violation occurs, and under §116.31031(6) the board must hold a hearing before imposing a fine, unless the owner waives the hearing in writing, pays before the hearing, or fails to appear after proper notice.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.leg.state.nv.us.
Virginia — Va. Code §55.1-1819
- Statutory cap:
- $50 single offense; $10/day continuing (max 90 days)
- Notice required:
- 14 days before hearing
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- None — caps apply uniformly
Virginia Code §55.1-1819 caps HOA charges for rule violations at $50 for a single offense and $10 per day for any offense of a continuing nature, with continuing-offense charges capped at a 90-day period (a $900 maximum on continuing-offense charges). Before charges are imposed, the member must be given at least 14 days notice prior to the hearing and an opportunity to be heard and to be represented by counsel before the board of directors or other tribunal specified in the governing documents. Last substantive amendment: 2021 Sp. Sess. I, c. 131.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.lis.virginia.gov.
North Carolina — N.C.G.S. §47F-3-107.1
- Statutory cap:
- $100 per violation; $100/day continuing (after 5-day grace)
- Notice required:
- Required (no minimum days specified)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- None stated in §47F-3-107.1
North Carolina General Statute §47F-3-107.1, part of the Planned Community Act, caps HOA fines at $100 per violation. For continuing violations, an additional fine of up to $100 may be imposed for each day more than five days after the hearing decision that the violation continues. Before a fine may be imposed, the lot owner must receive notice of the charge, an opportunity to be heard and present evidence, and notice of the decision. The hearing is held before either the executive board or an adjudicatory panel appointed by the board whose members are not officers of the association or members of the executive board. A lot owner may appeal the decision to the full executive board within 15 days.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.ncleg.gov.
Arizona — A.R.S. §33-1803
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (governed by CC&Rs)
- Notice required:
- 21 calendar days for member to respond
- Hearing:
- Yes (state-level path)
- Cap exception:
- Late fees on unpaid penalties capped at greater of $15 or 10%
Arizona Revised Statutes §33-1803 does not set a statutory dollar cap on HOA fines for planned-community violations — fine amounts are governed by the association’s declaration, bylaws, and rules. The statute does require that the member be given written notice of the violation and an opportunity to respond, with at least 21 calendar days from the date of the notice to do so in writing. Members may petition for an administrative hearing through the Arizona Department of Real Estate under §32-2199.01. Late fees on unpaid penalties are limited to the greater of $15 or 10% of the unpaid amount.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.azleg.gov.
Texas — Tex. Prop. Code §209.006
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (governed by CC&Rs)
- Notice required:
- Certified mail; 30 days to request hearing
- Hearing:
- Yes (on owner request)
- Cap exception:
- Fine barred entirely if owner cures within statutory cure period
Texas Property Code §209.006 does not cap HOA fine amounts — the dollar limits are set by the association’s governing documents. The statute does require the association to give written notice by certified mail before levying a fine, suspending common-area rights, charging the owner for property damage, or filing certain suits. The notice must describe the violation, state the amount due, inform the owner of the right to a reasonable cure period for curable, non-health-or-safety violations, and inform the owner of the right to request a hearing under §209.007 on or before the 30th day after the notice was mailed. If the owner cures the violation before the cure period expires, no fine may be assessed.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against statutes.capitol.texas.gov.
Maryland — MD Code, Real Property §11B-111.10
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (CC&Rs must be reasonable)
- Notice required:
- 15 days to abate; 10 days to request hearing
- Hearing:
- Yes (on owner request)
- Cap exception:
- None stated in §11B-111.10
Maryland Real Property §11B-111.10 governs the procedure for HOA fines but does not set a statutory dollar cap — the amount is determined by the association’s recorded governing documents and must be reasonable. Before imposing a fine or suspending rights, the board must give written notice describing the alleged violation and identifying two periods: an abatement period of not less than 15 days during which the violation may be cured without sanction, and a period of not less than 10 days from the giving of the notice during which the alleged violator may request a hearing. A hearing is required only if the violator timely requests one. Decisions are appealable to Maryland courts.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against mgaleg.maryland.gov.
Hawaii — HRS Ch. 421J (mediation: §421J-13)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap identified in Ch. 421J (CC&R-driven)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Pre-suit mediation required for fine disputes
Hawaii’s Planned Community Associations Act (Title 23, Chapter 421J of the Hawaii Revised Statutes) does not contain a statutory dollar cap on HOA fines. Fine amounts and the specific notice and hearing procedures are governed by the association’s recorded declaration, bylaws, and rules. HRS §421J-13 governs mediation of disputes over the amount or validity of an association’s claim, including fines: a unit owner who pays the disputed amount in full may require the association to mediate before either party files in court. Hawaii law also bars non-judicial foreclosure of liens that arise solely from fines, penalties, legal fees, or late fees — any such foreclosure must be filed in court.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
Illinois — 765 ILCS 160/1-30(g)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Statute does not specify exceptions
Illinois’s Common Interest Community Association Act, 765 ILCS 160/1-30(g), grants the board of an Illinois common interest community association the power, "after notice and an opportunity to be heard, to levy and collect reasonable fines" for violations of the declaration, bylaws, and rules. The statute does not set a dollar cap on fines and does not specify a minimum number of days of notice. Reasonableness of any fine is a question for the courts; in 2023 an Illinois appellate court held that an HOA cannot collect assessments that were not levied in accordance with the statutory procedure (see Stobe v. 842 W. Bradley Place, 2023 IL App (1st) 220232).
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.ilga.gov.
Washington — RCW 64.38.020(11)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Pre-established fine schedule must be furnished to owners
Washington’s Homeowners’ Associations chapter, RCW 64.38.020(11), allows the association to "levy reasonable fines in accordance with a previously established schedule adopted by the board of directors and furnished to the owners" — but only "after notice and an opportunity to be heard by the board of directors or by the representative designated by the board of directors and in accordance with the procedures as provided in the bylaws or rules and regulations." There is no statutory dollar cap and no statutory minimum notice period in days; both are governed by the bylaws and rules. Note: Communities created on or after July 1, 2018 may instead be governed by the Washington Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act (RCW 64.90), which carries its own enforcement procedures.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against app.leg.wa.gov.
Oregon — ORS 94.630(1)(n)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Written notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Pre-established schedule in declaration, bylaws, or board resolution required
Oregon Revised Statute 94.630(1)(n), part of the Oregon Planned Community Act, authorizes the board to "after giving written notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws, rules and regulations." Fines must be based on "a schedule contained in the declaration or bylaws" or "on a resolution of the association or its board of directors that is delivered or mailed to lot owners at the address shown on the records of the association." There is no statutory dollar cap and no statutory minimum notice period in days.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against oregon.public.law.
Pennsylvania — 68 Pa.C.S. §5302(a)(11)(i)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Statute does not specify exceptions
Pennsylvania’s Uniform Planned Community Act, 68 Pa.C.S. §5302(a)(11)(i), grants the unit owners’ association the power to "levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws and rules and regulations of the association" — but only "after notice and an opportunity to be heard." The statute does not set a dollar cap on fines, and it does not establish a specific minimum notice period in days. The association’s bylaws and rules govern the specific procedure.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.palegis.us.
Georgia — O.C.G.A. §44-3-223 (HB 220, eff. 2024-07-01)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap; fines authorized only if declaration permits
- Notice required:
- 10 days for injunctive relief (separate from fine notice)
- Hearing:
- Recommended
- Cap exception:
- Voting rights cannot be impaired by unpaid fines (HB 220)
Georgia’s Property Owners’ Association Act, O.C.G.A. §44-3-223, applies only when an HOA has expressly submitted to the Act. The statute permits associations to "impose fines against owners for violations of the governing documents," but only if the declaration authorizes it; the Act does not set a statutory dollar cap. House Bill 220 (Act 388), effective July 1, 2024, added two important homeowner protections to §44-3-223: (1) fines may not impact an owner’s association voting rights, and voting-rights suspension applies only for unpaid regular and special assessments; and (2) associations may pursue injunctive relief after 10 days’ written notice. Reasonableness of any fine is a question for the courts.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
South Carolina — S.C. Code Title 27, Ch. 30 (no fine-procedure section)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap or fine procedure in Title 27, Ch. 30
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Recording of governing documents required for enforceability (§27-30-130)
South Carolina’s Homeowners Association Act (Title 27, Chapter 30 of the S.C. Code) does not contain a statutory section that caps HOA fine amounts or specifies fine procedures. §27-30-130 requires governing documents and rules to be recorded with the clerk of court or register of deeds in the county where the property is located in order to be enforceable, and rules and amendments must be re-recorded by January 10 of each year following adoption. Beyond these recording requirements, fine amounts, notice, and hearing procedures are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.scstatehouse.gov.
Ohio — ORC §5312.11(C), (D)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (per declaration)
- Notice required:
- Written notice; 10 days to request hearing
- Hearing:
- Yes (on owner request)
- Cap exception:
- Board may not levy charge before any requested hearing is held
Ohio Revised Code §5312.11, part of the Ohio Planned Community Law, requires that before charging a lot owner for a violation, the board "shall give the owner a written notice" stating the violation, the proposed charge, the right to a hearing before the board, and the procedures to request one. Under §5312.11(D)(1), the owner has until "the tenth day after receiving the notice" to deliver a written request for a hearing; missing this deadline waives the right to a hearing and permits the board to impose the charge immediately. §5312.11(D)(3) provides that if the owner does request a hearing, the board "shall not levy a charge or assessment before holding any hearing requested." The statute does not set a dollar cap; charges must be imposed in accordance with the declaration.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against codes.ohio.gov.
Massachusetts — No comprehensive HOA statute (M.G.L. ch. 180 nonprofit law applies to incorporated HOAs)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute; condos governed by Ch. 183A
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Mass. Ch. 183A applies to condominiums only
Massachusetts has no comprehensive statute governing homeowners’ associations for non-condominium planned communities. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 183A (the Condominium Act) applies to condominiums only and is not extended to single-family-home HOAs. Most Massachusetts HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under M.G.L. ch. 180, which provides general corporate-governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. As a result, fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for non-condo HOAs in Massachusetts are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws, subject to general principles of contract and corporate law.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against malegislature.gov.
Tennessee — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (T.C.A. Title 48 Ch. 51-68 nonprofit law applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap or fine procedure for non-condo HOAs
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- T.C.A. Title 66 Ch. 27 governs condos, not non-condo HOAs
Tennessee has no comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. Tennessee Code Annotated Title 66, Chapter 27 contains the Tennessee Condominium Act of 2008 (which applies to condominiums created on or after January 1, 2009 and requires only that fines be "reasonable") and the older Horizontal Property Act — neither extends to non-condo HOAs. Most Tennessee HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Tennessee Nonprofit Corporation Act (Title 48, Chapters 51–68), which contains no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice, and hearing procedures for Tennessee single-family-home HOAs are therefore governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
New Jersey — N.J.S.A. 45:22A-21 et seq. (PREDFDA)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (CC&R-driven)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents; ADR available
- Cap exception:
- Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) required before litigation of housing-related disputes
New Jersey’s Planned Real Estate Development Full Disclosure Act (PREDFDA), N.J.S.A. 45:22A-21 et seq., governs disclosure for planned-real-estate developments but does not cap HOA fine amounts and does not establish a specific notice period in days. The most consequential homeowner protection in PREDFDA is the requirement that associations provide a "fair and efficient" alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process for housing-related disputes between unit owners and the association — a homeowner may invoke ADR before any litigation. Fine amounts, specific notice periods, and the formal hearing process are otherwise governed by the association’s recorded master deed and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.njleg.state.nj.us.
Minnesota — Minn. Stat. §515B.3-102(a)(11), (c)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Written notice (no day count); content requirements per §515B.3-102(c)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Statute does not specify exceptions
Minnesota’s Common Interest Ownership Act, Minn. Stat. §515B.3-102(a)(11), authorizes the association to "after notice and an opportunity to be heard before the board or a committee appointed by it, levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws, and rules and regulations of the association." Subsection (c), added by 2023 amendments, requires the written violation notice to include the amount and reason for the fine, the violation and date of levy, the specific section allegedly violated, and the right to be heard before the board or committee. There is no statutory dollar cap and no statutory minimum notice period in days; reasonableness is governed by the courts.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.revisor.mn.gov.
Utah — Utah Code §57-8a-208
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (set by governing documents)
- Notice required:
- Written warning ≥ 48 hours before fine for continuing violations
- Hearing:
- Yes (informal hearing on owner request within 30 days)
- Cap exception:
- Interest and late fees suspended while a timely-requested hearing is pending
Utah’s Community Association Act, Utah Code §57-8a-208, requires the association to give the lot owner a written warning of a continuing violation and at least 48 hours to cure before imposing a fine (§57-8a-208(2)(a)(iv)). Fines must be in the amount specified by the governing documents (§57-8a-208(3)(b)) — the statute does not set a dollar cap. Under §57-8a-208(4)(a), a lot owner who is assessed a fine may request an informal hearing before the board within 30 days after receiving notice of the fine; the board must provide a reasonable opportunity to present the owner’s position and may allow electronic participation. While a timely-requested hearing is pending, no interest or late fees may accrue (§57-8a-208(4)(c)).
Verified on 2026-04-29 against le.utah.gov.
Connecticut — Conn. Gen. Stat. §47-244(a)(11); §47-278
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Statute does not specify exceptions
Connecticut’s Common Interest Ownership Act, C.G.S. §47-244(a)(11), authorizes the unit owners’ association to "impose charges or interest or both for late payment of assessments and, after notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws, rules and regulations of the association." There is no statutory dollar cap and no statutory minimum notice period in days. Connecticut courts have invalidated fines imposed without a hearing — see, e.g., Wilcox v. Willard Shopping Center Associates. C.G.S. §47-278 separately requires the executive board to schedule a hearing with at least ten business days’ notice before bringing an enforcement action against a unit owner.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
Indiana — IC 32-25.5-5 (esp. §§5-8, 5-10, 5-11)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap
- Notice required:
- Notice of claim with required elements; 10 business days for HOA to respond
- Hearing:
- Yes (grievance resolution meeting)
- Cap exception:
- Mandatory grievance resolution before litigation
Indiana’s Homeowners Association Act, IC 32-25.5, requires every HOA to include a grievance-resolution procedure in its governing documents (§5-8). Before either the homeowner or the association may pursue legal proceedings on a covenant-enforcement claim, the claimant must serve a written notice of claim that states the nature of the claim, the governing-document provision at issue, the relief sought, and the recipient’s right to a meeting (§5-10). The recipient then has 10 business days to request a meeting in writing (§5-11). The Act does not set a statutory dollar cap; specific fine amounts, notice periods, and the formal hearing process for fines are governed by the association’s recorded CC&Rs.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
New Mexico — NMSA §47-16-18
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- 14 days prior to hearing
- Hearing:
- Yes (or written statement permitted)
- Cap exception:
- Notice and hearing not required for imminent health/safety threats
New Mexico’s Homeowner Association Act, NMSA §47-16-18, allows the board to levy reasonable fines for violations after providing written notice and an opportunity to dispute the alleged violation. Before imposing a fine, the board must provide an opportunity to submit a written statement or request a hearing before the board or committee, with at least fourteen days written notice prior to the hearing. After the hearing or review of the written statement, if the board or committee does not approve the proposed fine by majority vote, the fine may not be imposed. Notice and a hearing are not required for violations posing an imminent threat to public health or safety. If the homeowner fails to request a hearing or submit a written statement, the fine may be imposed and calculated from the date of violation.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
Michigan — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (MCL §450 nonprofit law applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (MCL §559 governs condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Fines for non-condo HOAs governed by Nonprofit Corporation Act + CC&Rs
Michigan does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. MCL §559 (the Condominium Act) governs condominium associations and contains specific procedural requirements for condo fines, but it is not extended to non-condominium HOAs. Most Michigan HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Michigan Nonprofit Corporation Act (MCL §450.2101 et seq.), which provides general corporate governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for non-condo HOAs in Michigan are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws, subject to the general principles of contract and corporate law.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.legislature.mi.gov.
New York — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (N-PCL applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (RPL §339 governs condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Fines must be "reasonable" with due process per case law
New York does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. New York Real Property Law §339-d through §339-ii (the Condominium Act) governs condominiums but does not extend to non-condo HOAs. Most New York HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the New York Not-for-Profit Corporation Law (N-PCL) and are also governed by recorded covenants and bylaws. Courts have held that HOA fines must be reasonable and that the board must follow its own governing documents and provide due process before imposing any fine; fines that are excessive or imposed without proper procedures can be struck down. There is no statutory dollar cap and no statutory minimum notice period in days.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.nysenate.gov.
Kentucky — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (KRS Ch. 273 nonprofit law applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (KRS 381.805–910 governs pre-2011 condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Fines for non-condo HOAs governed by KRS Chapter 273 + CC&Rs
Kentucky does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. KRS 381.805 through 381.910 (the Horizontal Property Law, originally enacted 1962) governs condominium-style horizontal property regimes created before January 1, 2011 — newer condos are governed by the Kentucky Condominium Act, KRS 381.9101 et seq. Neither extends to non-condo planned-community HOAs. Most Kentucky HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Kentucky Nonprofit Corporation Acts (KRS Chapter 273), which provides general corporate-governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for non-condo HOAs in Kentucky are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against apps.legislature.ky.gov.
Missouri — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Ch. 355 nonprofit law applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (Ch. 448 governs condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Pre-9/28/1983 condos governed by Mo. Rev. Stat. §448.005 et seq.; later condos by Uniform Condominium Act §448.1-101 et seq.
Missouri does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. Title XXIX, Chapter 448 of the Missouri Revised Statutes contains the Condominium Property Act (governing condos created before September 28, 1983) and the Missouri Uniform Condominium Act (§448.1-101 et seq., governing later condos), but neither extends to non-condo planned-community HOAs. Most Missouri HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Missouri Nonprofit Corporation Law (Chapter 355), which contains no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for non-condo HOAs in Missouri are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against revisor.mo.gov.
New Hampshire — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (RSA 292 nonprofit law applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (RSA 356-B governs condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Common-law due process required by NH courts; fines must be "reasonable"
New Hampshire does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. RSA 356-B (the Condominium Act) governs condominiums and provides specific lien rights under RSA 356-B:46 — but it does not extend to non-condo HOAs. Most New Hampshire HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under RSA 292 (Voluntary Corporations and Associations), which contains no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. New Hampshire courts have held that fines must be reasonable and that boards must follow their own governing documents and provide fair procedures before imposing penalties; fines imposed without proper procedures are vulnerable to challenge. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for New Hampshire HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against gc.nh.gov.
Alabama — Ala. Code §35-20-11(a)(2)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard with right to counsel
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Member entitled to be represented by counsel before board
Alabama’s Homeowners’ Association Act, Ala. Code §35-20-11(a)(2), authorizes the board to "assess reasonable penalties against a member for any violation of the declaration or rules adopted by the board of directors after the member is afforded the opportunity to be heard and represented by counsel before the board of directors." The right to be represented by counsel at the hearing is a notable Alabama-specific protection. The Act applies to all Alabama HOAs created on or after January 1, 2016, and to older associations that opt in by amending their declaration to be governed by the chapter. The statute does not set a statutory dollar cap; reasonableness of any fine is a question for the courts.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
Louisiana — La. R.S. 9:1141.1 et seq. (Planned Community Act, Act 2024 No. 158)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (under new Planned Community Act)
- Notice required:
- Written notice required before enforcement (§9:1141.38)
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Modeled on UCIOA — comprehensive framework replacing old 9-section LHAA
Louisiana’s Planned Community Act, La. R.S. 9:1141.1 et seq. (enacted by Acts 2024, No. 158, effective January 1, 2025), replaced the prior nine-section Homeowners Association Act with a comprehensive 50-section framework modeled on the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act. §9:1141.38 requires written notice before enforcement, and the Act explicitly codifies procedural protections that were previously undefined under Louisiana law (records access under §9:1141.36, rule-adoption requirements under §9:1141.37, binding effect of community documents under §9:1141.8). The Act does not set a statutory dollar cap. Specific fine amounts and minimum notice periods in days are governed by the association’s recorded community documents.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against legis.la.gov.
Vermont — 27A V.S.A. §3-102(a)(11)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + hearing required (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Notice must identify specific governing-document provision violated
Vermont’s Common Interest Ownership Act (1994), 27A V.S.A. §3-102(a)(11), authorizes the unit owners’ association to "after notice and a hearing, levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws, and rules of the association." Vermont’s Act is one of the more comprehensive UCIOA implementations, also extending fining authority to tenant violations after notice to the tenant and the unit owner under the same notice-and-hearing procedure. Vermont law requires that the written notice identify the specific provision allegedly violated; a vague letter does not satisfy this requirement. There is no statutory dollar cap; reasonableness is governed by the courts.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against legislature.vermont.gov.
Delaware — Del. Code Title 25 §81-302(a)(11) (DUCIOA)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Hand delivery, US mail, or electronic means; 10-day cure period
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- 10-day cure period required after notice before enforcement
Delaware’s Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act (DUCIOA), codified at Del. Code Title 25 Chapter 81, governs all common interest communities — planned communities, condominiums, cooperatives, and subdivisions — created after September 30, 2009. Under §81-302(a)(11), the association may "after notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws and rules of the association." DUCIOA also requires a 10-day cure period: the fining authority may only be exercised if the unit owner fails to cure the violation within 10 days after the association notifies the owner. Notice may be hand-delivered, sent by US mail to the unit owner’s address, or sent by electronic means as described in the statute. There is no statutory dollar cap.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against delcode.delaware.gov.
West Virginia — W. Va. Code §36B-3-102(a)(11) (Common Interest Ownership Act)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Statute does not specify exceptions
West Virginia’s Common Interest Ownership Act, W. Va. Code §36B-3-102(a)(11), authorizes unit owners’ associations to "impose charges for late payment of assessments and, after notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws, rules and regulations of the association." West Virginia adopted the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, so its framework parallels Connecticut, Vermont, Delaware, Minnesota, and other UCIOA states. Notice and an opportunity to be heard are mandatory before any reasonable fine may be imposed. The association also has a lien on a unit for any assessment levied or fine imposed against its unit owner, from the time the assessment or fine becomes due. The statute does not set a dollar cap.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against code.wvlegislature.gov.
Oklahoma — 60 Okl. St. §§851-858 (Real Estate Development Act)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (CC&R-driven)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Applies to HOAs created after June 5, 1975
Oklahoma’s Real Estate Development Act (REDA), 60 Okl. St. §§851-858, provides the foundational legal structure for Oklahoma HOAs, applying to all owners’ associations created after June 5, 1975. REDA authorizes HOAs to levy fines, collect assessments, impose liens, and pursue collection — but the specific procedural requirements (notice period in days, hearing format, fine cap) are governed by each association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws rather than specified in the statute. There is no statutory dollar cap; fines must be authorized by the governing documents and applied reasonably.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.oscn.net.
Maine — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (33 MRSA Ch. 31 covers condos)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (Title 33 governs condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Maine Condominium Act §1603-102 applies to condos only; non-condo HOAs operate under nonprofit-corp law
Maine does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. The Maine Condominium Act (33 MRSA Chapter 31) governs condominiums; under §1603-102 the unit owners’ association may, after notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy reasonable fines for violations — but this provision applies only to condos and does not extend to non-condo planned communities. Non-condo Maine HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under 13-B M.R.S. (Maine Nonprofit Corporation Act), which contains no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for Maine non-condo HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against legislature.maine.gov.
Iowa — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Iowa Nonprofit Corporation Act applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (Ch. 499A is for cooperatives, 499B for condos)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Iowa Code Ch. 499C governs unit-owner records access
Iowa does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. Iowa Code Chapter 499A governs multiple-housing cooperatives, Chapter 499B governs condominiums (the Iowa Horizontal Property Act), and Chapter 499C addresses unit-owner association records access. None of these chapters extend to non-condo, non-cooperative HOAs. Most Iowa HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Iowa Revised Nonprofit Corporation Act (Iowa Code Chapter 504), which contains no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for Iowa HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded articles of incorporation, bylaws, and CC&Rs.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.legis.iowa.gov.
Wisconsin — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Wis. Stat. Ch. 181 applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (Wis. Stat. Ch. 703 covers condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Wis. Stat. Ch. 181 (Nonstock Corporations Act) applies generally
Wisconsin does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. The Wisconsin Condominium Ownership Act (Wis. Stat. Ch. 703) governs condominiums and contains specific powers and procedures for condominium associations — but does not extend to non-condo HOAs. Most Wisconsin HOAs are organized as nonstock corporations under the Wisconsin Nonstock Corporations Act (Wis. Stat. Ch. 181), which contains general corporate-governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for Wisconsin non-condo HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against docs.legis.wisconsin.gov.
Kansas — K.S.A. §§58-4601 through 58-4623 (KUCIOBORA)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (Bill of Rights Act framework)
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard (per UCIOA framework)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- KUCIOBORA codifies homeowner Bill of Rights
Kansas adopted the Uniform Common Interest Owners Bill of Rights Act (KUCIOBORA), K.S.A. §§58-4601 through 58-4623, effective January 1, 2011. KUCIOBORA is a comprehensive HOA framework — Kansas’s implementation of the Uniform Common Interest Owners Bill of Rights, which is the homeowner-protection portion of the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act. Under the Bill of Rights, associations may impose reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws, and rules — but only after providing notice and an opportunity to be heard. The Act does not set a statutory dollar cap. KUCIOBORA also codifies homeowner rights to records access, fair adoption of rules, and procedural due process before enforcement.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against ksrevisor.gov.
Alaska — AS 34.08.320(11)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (must be "reasonable")
- Notice required:
- Notice + opportunity to be heard (no day count)
- Hearing:
- Yes
- Cap exception:
- Statute does not specify exceptions
Alaska’s Common Interest Ownership Act, AS 34.08.320(11), authorizes the unit owners’ association to "impose a reasonable charge for late payment of assessments and, after notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy a reasonable fine for a violation of the declaration, bylaws, rules, and regulations of the association." Alaska adopted the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, so its framework parallels Connecticut, Vermont, Delaware, Minnesota, West Virginia, and other UCIOA states. Notice and an opportunity to be heard are mandatory before any reasonable fine may be imposed; the same procedure applies to fines levied against tenants. The statute does not set a dollar cap.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.touchngo.com.
Idaho — Idaho Code Title 55, Ch. 32 (Homeowners Association Act)
- Statutory cap:
- No statutory cap (set by governing documents)
- Notice required:
- 30 days written notice (personal service or certified mail) before vote
- Hearing:
- Yes (vote at meeting after 30-day notice)
- Cap exception:
- Good-faith resolution exception bars fine if cure begins before vote
Idaho’s Homeowners Association Act, Idaho Code Title 55, Chapter 32, places several distinctive procedural requirements on HOA fines. An HOA may not impose a fine for a covenant or rule violation unless its governing documents explicitly authorize fines. Before any fine may be imposed, the board must vote on the fine at a meeting, and the member must receive written notice — by personal service or certified mail — of the meeting at least 30 days in advance. If the member begins resolving the violation in good faith before the meeting, no fine may be imposed as long as the member continues to address the violation in good faith until fully resolved. Idaho Code §45-810 separately governs HOA liens, allowing a lien only for dues delinquent for 12 months or more.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against legislature.idaho.gov.
South Dakota — SDCL §43-15A (Condominium Act, condominiums only); SDCL §§47-22 to §47-28 (Nonprofit Corporation Act, if incorporated)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific cap (governing documents control)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents (no state-law minimum)
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents (no state-law requirement)
- Cap exception:
- No statutory cap or procedure for non-condominium HOAs
South Dakota has no comprehensive HOA or planned-community statute. A widespread misconception holds that "SDCL §43-15B (the South Dakota Planned Community Act)" governs HOAs — but SDCL Chapter 43-15B is actually the Time-Share Estates chapter, not an HOA-governance law. Condominiums are governed by the South Dakota Condominium Act (SDCL §43-15A). For non-condominium HOAs, the controlling law is the association’s recorded CC&Rs (enforced as a contract) plus, for incorporated HOAs, the South Dakota Nonprofit Corporation Act (SDCL §§47-22 to §47-28), which adds general member rights such as record inspection and meeting procedures. There is no statutory fine cap, statutory notice period, or statutory hearing requirement for South Dakota HOAs — those protections, if you have them, come from your declaration and bylaws rather than from state law.
Verified on 2026-05-30 against sdlegislature.gov.
Arkansas — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Ark. Code §§4-33-101 et seq. nonprofit law applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (Title 18 Ch. 13 Horizontal Property Act covers condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Arkansas Nonprofit Corporation Act of 1993 applies to incorporated HOAs
Arkansas does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. Title 18, Chapter 13 of the Arkansas Code (the Horizontal Property Act) governs condominium and similar planned-development units — but does not provide a fine-procedure framework that extends to non-condo HOAs. Most Arkansas HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Arkansas Nonprofit Corporation Act of 1993 (Ark. Code §§4-33-101 et seq.), which contains general corporate-governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for Arkansas HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
Mississippi — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Miss. Code §79-11-101 nonprofit law applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (§89-9-1 Condominium Law covers condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Mississippi Nonprofit Corporation Act applies to incorporated HOAs
Mississippi does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. Mississippi Code §89-9-1 et seq. (Mississippi Condominium Law) governs condominium formation, management, and operation but does not extend to non-condo HOAs. Most Mississippi HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Mississippi Nonprofit Corporation Act (Miss. Code §79-11-101 et seq.), which contains general corporate-governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for Mississippi HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against law.justia.com.
Montana — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (MCA §70-17-901 use-restriction protection applies)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (MCA §70-23 Unit Ownership Act covers condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- MCA §70-17-901 bars HOAs from imposing more onerous use restrictions than existed at purchase
Montana does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. The Montana Unit Ownership Act, MCA Title 70 Chapter 23, governs condominiums that expressly elect to be governed by the Act — but does not extend to non-condo HOAs. Montana law does provide one notable HOA-specific protection: MCA §70-17-901 (enacted by SB 300, 2019) bars HOAs from compelling members to comply with more onerous use restrictions than those that existed at the time the member purchased the property, unless the member provides written agreement to the new restrictions. Beyond this, fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for Montana HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against leg.mt.gov.
Nebraska — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Neb. Rev. Stat. §52-2001 covers liens only)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (§52-2001 lien statute only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Nebraska Nonprofit Corporation Act (Ch. 21) applies to incorporated HOAs
Nebraska does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. Neb. Rev. Stat. §52-2001 establishes HOA lien rights for unpaid assessments — covering lien priority, foreclosure procedure, and notice requirements for liens — but does not address fine amounts, fine-procedure rules, or any statutory cap. Most Nebraska HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Nebraska Nonprofit Corporation Act (Chapter 21 of the Nebraska Statutes). Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures are otherwise governed by the association’s recorded governing documents.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against nebraskalegislature.gov.
North Dakota — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (NDCC Ch. 47-04.1 condos)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (NDCC Ch. 47-04.1 Condominium Act covers condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- North Dakota Nonprofit Corporations Act applies to incorporated HOAs
North Dakota does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. North Dakota Century Code Chapter 47-04.1 (Condominium Ownership Act) governs condominiums but does not extend to non-condo planned communities. Most North Dakota HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the North Dakota Nonprofit Corporations Act, which contains general corporate-governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for North Dakota HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against ndlegis.gov.
Rhode Island — No comprehensive non-condo HOA statute (R.I. Gen. Laws §34-36.1-3.20 covers condos only)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (§34-36.1 Condominium Law $100/day cap applies to condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents (condo: notice + opportunity for hearing under §34-36.1-3.20)
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents (condo: required under §34-36.1-3.20)
- Cap exception:
- Condo statute caps fines at $100/day residential, $500/day commercial; CC&R-imposed caps invalid
Rhode Island does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. R.I. Gen. Laws §34-36.1 (Rhode Island Condominium Law) governs condominiums and contains a notable §34-36.1-3.20 fine cap: daily fines for residential condominium violations may not exceed $100 per day, and for commercial condominiums may not exceed $500 per day. Notice and an opportunity for a hearing must be provided before any condominium fine is imposed, and any condominium declaration, bylaw, or rule that purports to establish a different maximum or daily fine is invalid. None of this extends to non-condo HOAs, which are governed by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and the Rhode Island Nonprofit Corporation Act.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against webserver.rilegislature.gov.
Wyoming — No comprehensive HOA-specific statute (Wyo. Stat. §§34-20-101 to 34-20-203 condos)
- Statutory cap:
- No HOA-specific statute (§§34-20-101 et seq. Condominium Ownership Act covers condos only)
- Notice required:
- Set by governing documents
- Hearing:
- Set by governing documents
- Cap exception:
- Wyoming Nonprofit Corporation Act (§§17-19-101) applies to incorporated HOAs
Wyoming does not have a comprehensive statute governing single-family-home homeowners’ associations. The Wyoming Condominium Ownership Act, Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§34-20-101 through 34-20-203, governs condominiums but does not extend to non-condo planned communities. Most Wyoming HOAs are organized as nonprofit corporations under the Wyoming Nonprofit Corporation Act (Wyo. Stat. §§17-19-101 et seq.), which contains general corporate-governance requirements but no fine cap or fine-procedure rules. Fine amounts, notice periods, and hearing procedures for Wyoming HOAs are governed entirely by the association’s recorded CC&Rs and bylaws.
Verified on 2026-04-29 against www.wyoleg.gov.
How We Verify Each State
- Read the live statute text. For each state, we pull the section listed in the citation column directly from the official state legislature website (e.g., leginfo.legislature.ca.gov, leg.state.fl.us, leg.colorado.gov, ncleg.gov). Where the legislature site does not host inline section text in a fetchable form (Hawaii, Nevada in some sections), we read a primary-source mirror that links to the official source.
- Quote the operative subsection. Every entry on this page identifies the specific subsection (e.g., §720.305(2), §5850(c), §116.31031(4)(a)) where the cap, notice period, or hearing requirement appears. We do not cite the chapter generically.
- Record the verification date. Each row carries the date we last read the statute text. If the legislature passes an amendment, we re-read the new text and bump the date. We never bump the date without re-reading.
- Flag what we have not verified. The 40 pending states list state names only. We do not publish a fine cap, notice period, or hearing requirement for any state until it has been verified against the live statute.
- Re-verify on legislative cycles. Our re-verification cadence is: priority states every 6 months, all verified states at least annually. Recent legislative activity (e.g., California AB 130, Colorado HB24-1337) is incorporated within 30 days of effective date.
Related Resources
- How to Respond to an HOA Violation Notice: Complete Guide
Step-by-step process with templates and state law references
- How to Dispute an HOA Landscaping Violation
The most common violation type — fight it with evidence and state protections
- HOA Parking Violation Defense Guide
Everything you need to know about fighting parking-related HOA fines
- HOA Architectural Violation Defense Guide
Fight denied modifications and unapproved changes citations
Frequently Asked Questions About HOA Fine Limits
How many states cap HOA fines by statute?
Across all 50 states, six set a statutory dollar cap on HOA fines for non-health/safety violations: California ($100/violation under Civil Code §5850(c)), Florida ($100/violation, $1,000 aggregate under Fla. Stat. §720.305(2)), Colorado ($500/violation under C.R.S. §38-33.3-209.5), Nevada ($100/violation, $1,000 aggregate under NRS 116.31031), Virginia ($50/single offense, $10/day continuing capped at 90 days under Va. Code §55.1-1819), and North Carolina ($100/violation under N.C.G.S. §47F-3-107.1). 27 states have HOA-specific statutes that require notice, hearing, or other procedural protections but do not set a dollar cap. The remaining 17 states (Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Wyoming) have no comprehensive HOA-specific statute at all, leaving fine procedures entirely to CC&Rs and general nonprofit-corporation law.
What is the maximum HOA fine in California?
California Civil Code §5850(c), as amended by AB 130 (effective June 30, 2025), caps most HOA fines at $100 per violation. The lesser of the schedule of monetary penalties or $100 applies. Fines greater than $100 are permitted only where the violation has an adverse health or safety impact on the common area or another member’s property, and the board must make a written finding to that effect at an open meeting. California also bans late fees and interest on unpaid monetary penalties under §5850(e), and requires at least 10 days written notice before the board meeting at which the fine may be imposed (§5855(a)).
What is the maximum HOA fine in Florida?
Florida Statutes §720.305(2) caps HOA fines at $100 per violation with a $1,000 aggregate cap, unless the governing documents provide for a higher aggregate. Each day of a continuing violation may be treated as a separate violation. The board must provide at least 14 days written notice of the homeowner’s right to a hearing, and the hearing must be held within 90 days before a committee of at least three members appointed by the board who are not officers, directors, or employees of the association.
What is the maximum HOA fine in Virginia?
Virginia Code §55.1-1819 caps HOA charges at $50 for a single offense and $10 per day for any offense of a continuing nature, with continuing-offense charges limited to a 90-day period — a $900 maximum on any one continuing offense. The member must be given at least 14 days notice prior to the hearing and an opportunity to be heard and to be represented by counsel.
Can an HOA fine you without a hearing?
It depends on the state. In California, Florida, Nevada, North Carolina, and Virginia among the verified states, the statute requires the association to provide a hearing before imposing a fine. In Maryland and Texas, the hearing is provided on the owner’s timely request — the burden is on the homeowner to ask. In Arizona, fines may be imposed administratively but the homeowner can petition the Arizona Department of Real Estate for an administrative hearing. If your association did not follow the procedure required by your state’s statute, the fine may be invalid.
What notice period does my HOA have to give before fining me?
Notice periods vary by state and we list only verified periods on this page. Among the verified states with a specific minimum number of days: Florida requires 14 days written notice of the right to a hearing (§720.305(2)). Virginia requires 14 days before the hearing (§55.1-1819). California requires at least 10 days before the meeting (Civil Code §5855(a)). Nevada requires not less than 30 days (NRS 116.31031(4)(a)). Texas requires certified-mail notice and gives the owner until the 30th day after mailing to request a hearing (Property Code §209.006). Colorado requires two separate 30-day cure periods by certified mail before legal enforcement (HB24-1337). Maryland requires at least a 15-day abatement period and at least 10 days to request a hearing (§11B-111.10). Arizona gives the owner 21 calendar days to respond to the notice (A.R.S. §33-1803). Ohio gives the owner 10 days from the notice to request a hearing (ORC §5312.11(D)(1)). Other verified states (IL, WA, OR, PA, GA, NJ, MA, TN, SC, NC, HI) require notice and a hearing opportunity but do not specify a minimum day count by statute — the period is governed by the association's recorded rules.
How was this page verified?
Every state row was confirmed against the live statute text on the official state legislature website (or, where the legislature does not host inline section text, against a primary-source mirror linked back to the .gov source) on the date in the Verified column. Each row links directly to that source so you can confirm the citation yourself. We re-verify each state on a rolling basis and bump the row's Verified date when the underlying statute changes — see our methodology section below for the full process.
How recent is the statutory data on this page?
Every verified row was last read against the live statute text on April 29, 2026. We re-verify each row when we become aware of an amendment and bump that row’s "Verified" date. The page-level "Last updated" stamp reflects the most recent batch. If you are relying on this information for an active dispute, click the citation to confirm the statute text yourself before acting.
What happens if I do not pay an HOA fine?
Unpaid HOA fines can become a lien on your property in most states. In states that allow non-judicial foreclosure of HOA liens, the association may eventually force a sale of your home. Hawaii is an exception: HRS Ch. 421J bars non-judicial foreclosure of liens that arise solely from fines, penalties, legal fees, or late fees — those liens must be foreclosed in court. Unpaid fines also typically accrue collection costs and attorney fees, although several states (Colorado under HB24-1337, California under §5850(e)) now cap or bar those add-ons.
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